Middle East

The Middle East is emerging as a significant player in the development of artificial general intelligence (AGI) and related security dynamics, though from a different angle than traditional tech powers. Wealthy Gulf states such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are investing heavily in AI research, infrastructure, and partnerships with leading global firms, positioning themselves as hubs for innovation and digital governance. At the same time, the region’s fragile security environment raises questions about the use of AI and future AGI in surveillance, defence, and hybrid warfare. As the Middle East seeks to diversify its economies and project influence, its investments in AI carry both opportunities for technological leadership and risks of deepening security dilemmas.